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Perception & CognitionMember ingredient
Confirmation Bias
Seeking, selecting or interpreting information in ways that favour an existing belief while giving too little weight to alternatives or disconfirming evidence.
Public evidence overview
One checked source, with its limits.
This preview is not the complete evidence base. Use it as a question to investigate in your own product, not as a prediction of what an individual will do.
Checked source previewAcademic paper
Feeling validated versus being correct: A meta-analysis of selective exposure to information
Research-assisted source review
- What it supports
- Participants showed a moderate average preference for congenial information: fixed-effects d = 0.36 and random-effects d = 0.38. Effects were heterogeneous and weaker under conditions including lower conviction, lower closed-mindedness and stronger accuracy motives.
- Where it may not transfer
- The synthesis covers varied topics, methods and periods and measures information choice rather than whether selected information was false, low quality or ultimately changed a decision. A moderate average does not diagnose an individual feed or justify forcing low-quality opposing content.
See how sources and limitations are checked in our editorial method.
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Practitioner includes the complete checked source set, study context and practical takeaways for this ingredient. The public overview above remains available without upgrading.